Pydantic: Transform a value before it is assigned to a field?-CodePudding

I have the following model

class Window(BaseModel):
    size: tuple[int, int]

and I would like to instantiate it like this:

fields = {'size': '1920x1080'}
window = Window(**fields)

Of course this fails since the value of 'size' is not of the correct type. However, I would like to add logic so that the value is split at x, i.e.:

def transform(raw: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
    x, y = raw.split('x')
    return int(x), int(y)

Does Pydantic support this?

CodePudding user response：

You can implement such a behaviour with pydantic's validator. Given your predefined function:

def transform(raw: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
    x, y = raw.split('x')
    return int(x), int(y)

You can implement it in your class like this:

from pydantic import BaseModel, validator


class Window(BaseModel):
    
    size: tuple[int, int]
    _extract_size = validator('size', pre=True, allow_reuse=True)(transform)

Note the pre=True argument passed to the validator. It means that it will be run before the default validator that checks if size is a tuple.

Now:

fields = {'size': '1920x1080'}
window = Window(**fields)
print(window)
# output: size=(1920, 1080)

Note that after that, you won't be able to instantiate your Window with a tuple for size.

fields2 = {'size': (800, 600)}
window2 = Window(**fields2)
# AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split'

In order to overcome that, you could simply bypass the function if a tuple is passed by altering slightly your code:

def transform(raw: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
    if type(raw) == tuple:
        return raw
    x, y = raw.split('x')
    return int(x), int(y)

Which should give:

fields2 = {'size': (800, 600)}
window2 = Window(**fields2)
print(window2)
# output: size:(800, 600)