ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm-CodePudding

I am trying To implement security for my application, so i added a Realm element to the application's context.xml file as following

<Context path="/myApp_admin2">
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm" 
           driverClassName="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
           onnectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?autoReconnect=true" 
           connectionName="root" connectionPassword="12345" 
           debug="99"
           roleNameCol="Rolename" userCredCol="Password" 
           userNameCol="Username" userRoleTable="userrole" userTable="userpass"/>
</Context>

when I run the application I received class not found Exception

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm
        at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:433)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:586)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.ObjectCreateRule.begin(ObjectCreateRule.java:102)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.startElement(Digester.java:1264)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.startElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:518)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractXMLDocumentParser.emptyElement(AbstractXMLDocumentParser.java:183)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1386)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2725)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:605)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:541)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:888)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:824)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1224)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:635)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1522)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processContextConfig(ContextConfig.java:735)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.contextConfig(ContextConfig.java:679)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.init(ContextConfig.java:949)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:314)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:137)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:747)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:693)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1979)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:586)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:476)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1708)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:320)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setState(LifecycleBase.java:366)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:946)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:886)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1396)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1386)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:919)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:263)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:432)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:927)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:795)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:345)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:476)
21-Aug-2022 13:04:15.284 SEVERE [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processContextConfig Parse error in context.xml for [/myApp_admin2]
    org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/C:/apache-tomcat-10.0.14/conf/Catalina/localhost/myApp_admin2.xml; lineNumber: 3; columnNumber: 353; Error at line [3] column [353]: [org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm]
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:1953)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:1985)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.startElement(Digester.java:1267)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.startElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:518)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractXMLDocumentParser.emptyElement(AbstractXMLDocumentParser.java:183)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1386)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2725)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:605)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:541)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:888)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:824)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1224)
        at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:635)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1522)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processContextConfig(ContextConfig.java:735)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.contextConfig(ContextConfig.java:679)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.init(ContextConfig.java:949)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:314)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:137)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:747)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:693)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1979)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:586)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:476)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1708)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:320)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setState(LifecycleBase.java:366)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:946)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:886)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1396)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1386)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:919)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:263)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:432)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:927)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:795)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:345)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:476)
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm
        at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:433)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:586)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.ObjectCreateRule.begin(ObjectCreateRule.java:102)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.startElement(Digester.java:1264)
        ... 58 more

I followed the instructions that I got from this website To set up Tomcat to use JDBCRealm, 2- the JDBC Driver is added under TOMCAT LIB Folder 3- two tables with certain columns are created in the DB

create table userpass (
  username       varchar(15) not null primary key,
  password         varchar(15) not null
);

create table userrole (
  username         varchar(15) not null,
  rolename         varchar(15) not null,
  primary key (username, rolename)
);

So what are your advice and the reason behind such an Error?

Note: I'm using apache-tomcat-10.0.14 Server NetBeans IDE13 JDK 16

CodePudding user response：

The org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm has been removed in Tomcat 10 onwards. You can use org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm instead.

CodePudding user response：

JDBCRealm has been removed in Tomcat 10. From the release notes for Tomcat 9:

The JDBC Database Realm has been deprecated and will be removed in Tomcat 10 onwards. Use the DataSourceRealm instead.

You can verify this by reviewing the javadoc for Tomcat 10.0.23: JDBCRealm doesn't exist.

So either (temporarily) downgrade to Tomcat 9, or switch to using DataSourceRealm.

This old Apache thread Deprecated JDBCRealm may explain the motivation for the removal:

I'd like to proposed the following:
- Deprecated the JDBCRealm in 7.0.x, 8.5.x and 9.0.x
- Remove the JDBCRealm in 10.0.x

The reasons for this are:
- The JDBCRealm is single threaded
- The DataSourceRealm is a better solution