If we create an array in chrome console,

arr=[1,2];

and check the prototype chain in chrome devtools using arr.__proto__.__proto__, we get the following result.

As you can see, the __proto__ object is pointing to null, which I was expecting logically. But when I tried to access the same level of the prototype chain, i.e the Object.Prototype, by using arr.__proto__, and then searching through the dropdown menus, I got the following result.

As you can see in the highlighted line, this time the __proto__ is pointing to another Object.Prototype. On opening this further, I got the same contents as I got in the previous command(check previous pic).

Can someone please tell me how this extra layer of an Object.prototype is created in some commands, but not in others?

P.S. I'm just learning prototypal inheritance, and this was my attempt to understand how it is implemented in the JS environment.

CodePudding user response：

This is due to an odd behavior in Chrome dev tools. The (now deprecated) __proto__ property is a getter/accessor property, which means when it is accessed, it runs a portion of code. That portion of code looks something like so:

Object.getPrototypeOf(this); // which returns this[[Prototype]]

The this in the above example is typically the object that you call .__proto__ on. For example, if you did arr.__proto__, then this would be arr, so we end up getting the prototype of the arr array as expected. In the Chrome dev tools console, things are a little different. Rather than the getter being invoked on an object like arr, it is instead invoked manually when you press (...):

So now the question is - what is the value of this when performing Object.getPrototypeOf(this); inside of the __proto__ getter when it is invoked manually in the Chrome dev tools rather than invoking it via property access such as arr.__proto__? This is up to the Chrome dev tools team to decide, but it seems like the way that it behaves is that it sets the this to the originally logged object¹. In your second example, that object is arr.__proto__. As a result, the getter ends up showing the prototype of arr.__proto__ again, rather than null.

The below code snippet (see Chrome console output), is a simple example of this behavior in action:

const obj = Object.create({
  get nested() {
    console.log("obj === this:", this === obj); // true
    console.log("obj[[Prototype]] === this:", this === Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)); // false
    return this;
  }
}, {
  foo: {
    value: 'bar',
    enumerable: true
  }
});

// View chrome console for output
console.log(obj);

In the above example, a new object is created with the property {foo: "bar"} which has a prototype set to an object with a getter called nested() {}. This getter returns and logs the value of this. When the above code is run in Chrome, and the getter is invoked by clicking (...) on obj[[Prototype]] (ie: obj.__proto__) nested property, you get the following output:

In the above, the two red boxes represent the same object, showing that this inside of the getter doesn't refer to the prototype object (ie: {nested: (...)}) when it is invoked using (...), but rather it refers to the originally logged object. Unlike this, when you use arr.__proto__.__proto__, the object logged is Object.prototype, so when you invoked the __proto__ getter, the this refers to the object Object.prototype, which returns null when its prototype is accessed.

To properly walk the prototype chain, you can use nested calls to Object.getPrototypeOf():

Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf(Object.getPrototypeOf(arr))); // null

---

¹ This is just an assumption based on some observations, but might not be correct - I'm not entirely sure how chrome decides what to set the this to, but the important thing to note is that it isn't always the immediate object that the getter property appears in.

CodePudding user response：

Your arr.__proto__ refers to Array.prototype, an ideal regular array. When you again add a __proto__, this refers to root object aka Object.prototype. Now comes the most fancy part. Object.__proto__.__proto__ and Object.prototype both are equal. So, you can again get a __proto__ of it!

console.log(arr.__proto__ === Array.prototype) // true
console.log(Array.prototype.__proto__ === Object.__proto__.__proto__) // true
console.log(Object.__proto__.__proto__ === Object.prototype) // true

But if you directly ask for arr.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__, it will be null. You can indirectly access that because of reason mentioned above but you can't access that directly. Remember Object.__proto__ is null but Object.__proto__.__proto__ isn't. It's again Object.prototype!

console.log(Object.__proto__.__proto__) // Root Object(Object.prototype)
console.log(Object.__proto__) // null
console.log(arr.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__) // null

Tested on Code-Editor(Android v8.1)