I have some related classes that implement the same method
class Dog {
public void speak() { System.out.println("Bark") }
}
class Cat {
public void speak() { System.out.println("Meow") }
}
90% of the time, users would want both the dog and the cat to speak. They don't want to know the details. When we add a new animal, they'll want it to speak too. The idea is to avoid:
// All animals need to be explicitly told to speak every time
new Dog().speak();
new Cat().speak();
// But we just added Birds, and the users need to remember to add this call everywhere
new Bird.speak();
I could do something like
class Animals {
public void speak() {
new Dog().speak();
new Cat().speak();
new Bird().speak();
}
}
So that users can just call new Animals().speak()
every time.
However, 10% of the time, it does need to be configurable. What I want is a way for users to do something like this
// Used most of the time
Animals.withAllAnimals().speak();
// Sometimes they don't want cats, and they want the dogs to woof instead
Animals.exclude(Cat)
.configure(Dog.sound, "Woof")
.speak();
How can I structure my classes to accomplish this?
CodePudding user response:
I know that it is question tagged with java
. However, let me show an example with C#
as these languages have many common things.
The first thing I would use inheritance and create abstract class Animal
as common behaviour Speak()
is used:
public abstract class Animal
{
public abstract void Speak();
}
Then just use inheritance and override behaviour in derived classes:
public class Bird : Animal
{
public override void Speak()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("I am a bird!");
}
}
public class Cat : Animal
{
public override void Speak()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("I am a cat!");
}
}
public class Dog : Animal
{
public override void Speak()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("I am a dog!");
}
}
Then we need a class that allows to speak for all animals. Let's create Choir
class for this purpose:
public class Choir
{
private List<Animal> animals;
public Choir()
{
Init();
}
private void Init()
{
animals = new List<Animal>()
{
new Cat(),
new Bird(),
new Dog()
};
}
public void SpeakAll()
{
foreach (Animal animal in animals)
animal.Speak();
}
public void Speak(Func<Animal, bool> filter)
{
IEnumerable<Animal> filteredAnimals = animals.Where(filter ?? (animal => true));
foreach (Animal animal in filteredAnimals)
animal.Speak();
}
}
Pay attention to Speak()
method. It can take a predicate as a parameter, so you can take desired animals to speak()
.
CodePudding user response:
Here are some ideas.
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
* An animal can either speak with its own voice, or another supplied
*/
interface Animal {
String speak();
String speak(String voice);
}
/**
* Base class for animal implementations.
*
* An animal is added to a Menagerie when created.
*/
abstract class BaseAnimal implements Animal {
private final String defaultVoice;
public BaseAnimal(Menagerie menagerie, String defaultVoice) {
this.defaultVoice = defaultVoice;
menagerie.add(this);
}
public String speak(String voice) {
return voice;
}
public String speak() {
return speak(defaultVoice);
}
}
/**
* A Dog. Even when given a voice the dog does things slightly differently.
*/
class Dog extends BaseAnimal {
public Dog(Menagerie menagerie) {
super(menagerie, "Bark!");
}
public String speak(String voice) {
return voice " (and drools)";
}
}
/**
* A collection of animals. We can do something side-effectful to each, or create a new collection where
* some classes of animal are excluded or have different behaviour.
*/
interface Animals {
void forEach(Consumer<Animal> action);
Animals exclude(Class<Animal> clazz);
Animals configureVoice(Class<Animal> clazz, String voice);
}
/**
* An Animals instance which can contain only a single animal of each class
* (an arbitrary decision based on the code in the question)
*/
class Menagerie implements Animals {
Map<Class<? extends Animal>,Animal> animals = new HashMap<>();
public Menagerie() {
}
public Menagerie(Map<Class<? extends Animal>, Animal> animals) {
this.animals = new HashMap<>(animals);
}
public void add(Animal animal) {
animals.put(animal.getClass(), animal);
}
public void forEach(Consumer<Animal> action) {
animals.values().forEach(action);
}
@Override
public Animals exclude(Class<Animal> clazz) {
Menagerie m = new Menagerie(animals);
m.animals.remove(clazz);
return m;
}
/**
* Return an Animals instance which contains a proxy for a particular type of animal
* which will behave differently when speak() is called.
*/
@Override
public Animals configureVoice(Class<Animal> clazz, String voice) {
Menagerie m = new Menagerie(animals);
Animal a = m.animals.get(clazz);
if (a != null) {
m.animals.put(clazz, new Animal() {
@Override
public String speak() {
return voice;
}
@Override
public String speak(String voice) {
return a.speak(voice);
}
});
}
return m;
}
}