I am trying to scraping some data from a movie web (Each page has 20 records). Main steps that I do is:
- create a request
- get the response from the web
- download
It seems I have some error in step 1, but I really don't know how to fix it. Url of each page is like
https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100:90&action=&start=0&limit=20"(first page)
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import json
def create_request(page):
base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100:90&action=&'
data = {
'start': (page-1)*20,
'limit': 20
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
url = base_url data
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,
like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
return request
def get_content(request):
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
return content
def down_load(page, content):
with open('douban_' str(page) '.json', 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
start_page = int(input('Start Page pls:'))
end_page = int(input('End page pls:'))
for page in range(start_page, end_page 1):
request = create_request(page)
content = get_content(request)
down_load(page, content)
The prompt is:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-1a3d2d29485f> in <module>
62 request = create_request(page)
63 # 获取响应的数据
---> 64 content = get_content(request)
65 # 下载
66 down_load(page, content)
<ipython-input-4-1a3d2d29485f> in get_content(request)
44
45 def get_content(request):
---> 46 response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
47 content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
48 return content
~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
220 else:
221 opener = _opener
--> 222 return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
223
224 def install_opener(opener):
~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
520 for processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):
521 meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 522 req = meth(req)
523
524 sys.audit('urllib.Request', req.full_url, req.data, req.headers, req.get_method())
~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in do_request_(self, request)
1279 msg = "POST data should be bytes, an iterable of bytes, " \
1280 "or a file object. It cannot be of type str."
-> 1281 raise TypeError(msg)
1282 if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
1283 request.add_unredirected_header(
TypeError: POST data should be bytes, an iterable of bytes, or a file object. It cannot be of type str.
CodePudding user response：
The error message is telling you what the issue is. Your data needs to be a bytes object and not a string. I also think that you shouldn't add the data to the end of the url like you are in the create_request function.
Try this instead.
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import json
def create_request(page):
base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100:90&action=&'
data = {
'start': (page-1)*20,
'limit': 20
}
data = json.dumps(data).encode() # <-- changed this
url = base_url # <-- changed this
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) ppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
return request
def get_content(request):
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
return content
def down_load(page, content):
with open('douban_' str(page) '.json', 'w', encoding = 'utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
start_page = int(input('Start Page pls:'))
end_page = int(input('End page pls:'))
for page in range(start_page, end_page 1):
request = create_request(page)
content = get_content(request)
down_load(page, content)
I tested it by entering '15' as the start page and this was part of the output.
[
{
"rating": ["9.4", "50"],
"rank": 1,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p511118051.jpg",
"is_playable": false,
"id": "1295644",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "犯罪"],
"regions": ["法国", "美国"],
"title": "这个杀手不太冷",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1295644/",
"release_date": "1994-09-14",
"actor_count": 21,
"vote_count": 2180528,
"score": "9.4",
"actors": [
"让·雷诺",
"娜塔莉·波特曼",
"加里·奥德曼",
"丹尼·爱罗",
"彼得·阿佩尔",
"迈克尔·巴达鲁科",
"艾伦·格里尼",
"伊丽莎白·瑞根",
"卡尔·马图斯维奇",
"弗兰克·赛格",
"麦温",
"乔治·马丁",
"罗伯特·拉萨多",
"亚当·布斯奇",
"马里奥·托迪斯科",
"萨米·纳塞利",
"让·雨果·安格拉德",
"埃莱娜·卡多纳",
"沈晓谦",
"大塚明夫",
"Keith A. Glascoe"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.3", "50"],
"rank": 2,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2642829472.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1291552",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "奇幻", "冒险"],
"regions": ["美国", "新西兰"],
"title": "指环王3：王者无敌",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291552/",
"release_date": "2004-03-12",
"actor_count": 67,
"vote_count": 755927,
"score": "9.3",
"actors": [
"伊利亚·伍德",
"西恩·奥斯汀",
"维果·莫腾森",
"奥兰多·布鲁姆",
"伊恩·麦克莱恩",
"肖恩·宾",
"多米尼克·莫纳汉",
"丽芙·泰勒",
"约翰·贝西",
"凯特·布兰切特",
"比利·博伊德",
"萨德文·布罗菲",
"阿利斯泰尔·布朗宁",
"马尔顿·索克斯",
"伯纳德·希尔",
"伊安·霍姆",
"布鲁斯·霍普金斯",
"Ian Hughes",
"劳伦斯·马克奥雷",
"诺埃尔·阿普利比",
"布雷特·麦肯齐",
"Alexandra Astin",
"Sarah McLeod",
"Maisy McLeod-Riera",
"约翰·诺贝尔",
"Paul Norell",
"米兰达·奥图",
"布鲁斯·菲利普斯",
"沙恩·朗吉",
"约翰·瑞斯-戴维斯",
"Todd Rippon",
"安迪·瑟金斯",
"Harry Sinclair",
"乔尔·托贝克",
"卡尔·厄本",
"史蒂芬·乌瑞",
"雨果·维文",
"大卫·文翰",
"阿兰·霍华德",
"萨拉·贝克",
"Robert Pollock",
"佩特·史密斯",
"杰德·布罗菲",
"菲利普·格里夫",
"布拉德·道里夫",
"克里斯托弗·李",
"布鲁斯·斯宾斯",
"吉诺·阿赛维多",
"Jarl Benzon",
"Jørn Benzon",
"Robert Catto",
"Michael Elsworth",
"彼得·杰克逊",
"Sandro Kopp",
"安德鲁·莱斯尼",
"约瑟夫·米卡-亨特",
"亨利·莫腾森",
"克雷格·帕克",
"克里斯蒂安·瑞沃斯",
"迈克尔·斯曼内科 ",
"霍华德·肖",
"约翰·斯蒂芬森",
"理查德·泰勒",
"张磊",
"姜广涛",
"周志强",
"金永钢"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.2", "50"],
"rank": 3,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p462657443.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1851857",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "科幻", "犯罪", "惊悚"],
"regions": ["美国", "英国"],
"title": "蝙蝠侠：黑暗骑士",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1851857/",
"release_date": "2008-07-14",
"actor_count": 40,
"vote_count": 997680,
"score": "9.2",
"actors": [
"克里斯蒂安·贝尔",
"希斯·莱杰",
"艾伦·艾克哈特",
"迈克尔·凯恩",
"玛吉·吉伦哈尔",
"加里·奥德曼",
"摩根·弗里曼",
"莫尼克·加布里埃拉·库尔内",
"罗恩·迪恩",
"基里安·墨菲",
"黄经汉",
"内斯特·卡博内尔",
"埃里克·罗伯茨",
"里特奇·科斯特",
"安东尼·迈克尔·豪尔",
"基斯·斯扎拉巴基克",
"柯林·麦克法兰",
"约书亚·哈尔托",
"美琳达·麦格劳",
"内森·甘宝",
"迈克尔·维约",
"迈克尔·斯托扬诺夫",
"威廉·斯米利",
"丹尼·高德林",
"迈克尔·加·怀特",
"马修·奥尼尔",
"威廉·菲克纳",
"欧鲁米基·欧拉乌米",
"格雷格·比姆",
"爱利克·赫尔曼",
"毕崔斯·罗森",
"文森佐·尼克力",
"陈冠希",
"亚当·卡莱佩里斯",
"罗南·萨莫尔斯",
"玛丽扎·卡布蕾拉",
"Tina Simmons",
"大卫·达斯马齐连",
"利萨·麦克阿里斯特",
"理查德·迪兰"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.2", "45"],
"rank": 4,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2640236255.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1291572",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "奇幻", "冒险"],
"regions": ["美国", "新西兰"],
"title": "指环王2：双塔奇兵",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291572/",
"release_date": "2003-04-25",
"actor_count": 58,
"vote_count": 706830,
"score": "9.2",
"actors": [
"伊利亚·伍德",
"西恩·奥斯汀",
"多米尼克·莫纳汉",
"奥兰多·布鲁姆",
"维果·莫腾森",
"伊恩·麦克莱恩",
"凯特·布兰切特",
"比利·博伊德",
"杰德·布罗菲",
"丽芙·泰勒",
"安迪·瑟金斯",
"米兰达·奥图",
"雨果·维文",
"布拉德·道里夫",
"卡卢姆·吉廷斯",
"伯纳德·希尔",
"布鲁斯·霍普金斯",
"克里斯托弗·李",
"纳撒尼尔·利斯",
"罗宾·马尔科姆",
"约翰·贝西",
"萨拉·贝克",
"克雷格·帕克",
"布鲁斯·菲利普斯",
"Robert Pollock",
"约翰·瑞斯-戴维斯",
"奥利维亚·田內",
"卡尔·厄本",
"史蒂芬·乌瑞",
"大卫·文翰",
"菲利普·格里夫",
"肖恩·宾",
"约翰·诺贝尔",
"Jarl Benzon",
"Jørn Benzon",
"Ben Britton",
"阿利斯泰尔·布朗宁",
"Sean Button",
"Robert Catto",
"罗德尼·库克",
"卡尔洛斯·德林克沃特",
"西奥沙福瓦",
"本·弗兰舍姆",
"Jonathan Harding",
"Lucas Hayward",
"丹·汉纳",
"保罗·霍姆斯",
"杰森霍德",
"彼得·杰克逊",
"Sam Kelly",
"Sandro Kopp",
"姜广涛",
"张磊",
"陆建艺",
"金永钢",
"劳伦斯·马克奥雷",
"布鲁克·奥佩斯",
"周志强"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.1", "45"],
"rank": 5,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2373910134.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1291571",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "奇幻", "冒险"],
"regions": ["新西兰", "美国"],
"title": "指环王1：护戒使者",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291571/",
"release_date": "2002-04-04",
"actor_count": 54,
"vote_count": 797471,
"score": "9.1",
"actors": [
"伊利亚·伍德",
"西恩·奥斯汀",
"伊恩·麦克莱恩",
"维果·莫腾森",
"奥兰多·布鲁姆",
"多米尼克·莫纳汉",
"比利·博伊德",
"克里斯托弗·李",
"马尔顿·索克斯",
"梅根·爱德华兹",
"伊安·霍姆",
"凯特·布兰切特",
"阿兰·霍华德",
"马克·弗格森",
"肖恩·宾",
"萨拉·贝克",
"劳伦斯·马克奥雷",
"安迪·瑟金斯",
"彼得·麦肯齐",
"伊恩·穆内",
"克雷格·帕克",
"卡梅隆·罗德",
"约翰·瑞斯-戴维斯",
"丽芙·泰勒",
"大卫·韦瑟莱",
"雨果·维文",
"菲利普·格里夫",
"威廉·约翰逊",
"伊丽莎白·穆迪",
"布莱恩·瑟金特",
"杰德·布罗菲",
"诺曼·凯茨",
"兰德尔·威廉·库克",
"萨比恩·克洛森",
"西奥沙福瓦",
"本·弗兰舍姆",
"彼得·杰克逊",
"艾伦·李",
"诺埃尔·阿普利比",
"Michael Elsworth",
"Sarah McLeod",
"马丁·桑德森",
"Harry Sinclair",
"吉诺·阿赛维多",
"Jarl Benzon",
"Jørn Benzon",
"Ben Britton",
"Jonathan Harding",
"Taea Hartwell",
"Sam Kelly",
"姜广涛",
"张磊",
"周志强",
"布雷特·麦肯齐"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.1", "45"],
"rank": 6,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p451926968.jpg",
"is_playable": false,
"id": "1291843",
"types": ["动作", "科幻"],
"regions": ["美国"],
"title": "黑客帝国",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1291843/",
"release_date": "2000-01-14",
"actor_count": 25,
"vote_count": 791898,
"score": "9.1",
"actors": [
"基努·里维斯",
"劳伦斯·菲什伯恩",
"凯瑞-安·莫斯",
"雨果·维文",
"格洛丽亚·福斯特",
"乔·潘托里亚诺",
"马库斯·钟",
"朱利安·阿拉汗加",
"马特·多兰",
"贝琳达·麦克洛里",
"安东尼雷派克",
"罗伯特·泰勒",
"阿达·尼科德莫",
"罗温·维特",
"塔玛拉·布朗",
"纳塔莉·特珍",
"比尔·扬",
"克里斯·斯科特",
"纳许·埃哲顿",
"户田惠子",
"沈晓谦",
"童自荣",
"保罗·戈达德",
"金永钢",
"张磊"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.3", "50"],
"rank": 7,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2215886505.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1295399",
"types": ["动作", "冒险", "剧情"],
"regions": ["日本"],
"title": "七武士",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1295399/",
"release_date": "1954-04-26",
"actor_count": 48,
"vote_count": 184460,
"score": "9.3",
"actors": [
"三船敏郎",
"志村乔",
"津岛惠子",
"岛崎雪子",
"藤原釜足",
"加东大介",
"木村功",
"千秋实",
"宫口精二",
"小杉义男",
"左卜全",
"稻叶义男",
"土屋嘉男",
"高堂国典",
"东野英治郎",
"上田吉二郎",
"多多良纯",
"渡边笃",
"小川虎之助",
"山形勋",
"上山草人",
"清水元",
"高木新平",
"大友伸",
"高原骏雄",
"稻垣三郎",
"堺左千夫",
"千石规子",
"本间文子",
"大久保正信",
"伊藤实",
"大村千吉",
"广濑正一",
"宇野晃司",
"谷晃",
"中岛春雄",
"清水美恵",
"熊谷卓三",
"夏木顺平",
"岩本弘司",
"堤康久",
"马野都留子",
"森今日子",
"加藤武",
"仲代达矢",
"宇津井健",
"山本廉",
"东静子"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.0", "45"],
"rank": 8,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p1512562287.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "3742360",
"types": ["剧情", "喜剧", "动作", "西部"],
"regions": ["中国大陆", "中国香港"],
"title": "让子弹飞",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/3742360/",
"release_date": "2010-12-16",
"actor_count": 32,
"vote_count": 1592874,
"score": "9.0",
"actors": [
"姜文",
"葛优",
"周润发",
"刘嘉玲",
"陈坤",
"张默",
"姜武",
"周韵",
"廖凡",
"姚橹",
"邵兵",
"苗圃",
"冯小刚",
"胡军",
"马珂",
"白冰",
"杜奕衡",
"李静",
"胡明",
"危笑",
"杨奇雨",
"赵铭",
"宣晓鸣",
"绀野千春",
"郭俊立",
"马元",
"姜洪齐",
"岳红",
"吴昔果",
"沙瑀",
"陈磊",
"文祥"
],
"is_watched": false
},
{
"rating": ["9.0", "45"],
"rank": 9,
"cover_url": "https://img9.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p1910926158.jpg",
"is_playable": true,
"id": "1292000",
"types": ["剧情", "动作", "悬疑", "惊悚"],
"regions": ["美国", "德国", "意大利"],
"title": "搏击俱乐部",
"url": "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292000/",
"release_date": "1999-09-10",
"actor_count": 30,
"vote_count": 800974,
"score": "9.0",
"actors": [
"爱德华·诺顿",
"布拉德·皮特",
"海伦娜·伯翰·卡特",
"扎克·格雷尼尔",
"米特·洛夫",
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...
CodePudding user response：
Would replacing urllib.parse.urlencode(data) with urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8') in the create_request function have helped here as well?