This chapter mainly tells the operating system concept, classification and the characteristics of the typical network operating system, understanding how the server installation and configuration on Windows server 2003,
2.
the concept of operating systemOperating system is a computer program used to manage the computer hardware and software resources, is also the kernel of the computer system and the foundation (note: the meaning is not the thing, what thing such as application software can use),
Operating system to deal with such as management and configuration memory, decided to system resources supply and demand of priorities, control input and output devices, network operation and management of the basic transactions, such as file system so it just like no money, what all can do, the operating system is the soul of the computer, no soul, computer the "flesh" is a "dead", the operating system is a user interacts with the system of such a thing,
The role of the three operating system
The operating system is located between the underlying hardware and users, is the bridge of the both, the user can through the user interface of the operating system, type the command, the operating system is to explain the command, hardware equipment, realize the user requirements, with modern standards, a standard PC operating system should provide the following functions:
Management: 1. The process is also called the management processor (CPU), its main task is to reasonable allocation of processor time, operation implement effective management of the processor,
2, memory management, as a result of multiprogramming Shared memory resources, so the main task of the memory management is for memory allocation, protect and expand,
3, equipment management, according to determine equipment allocation principles to allocation of equipment, the equipment can work in parallel with the master, to provide users with good equipment use interface,
4, file management, effectively manage the file storage space, organize and manage the file system reasonably, for file access and file protection more effective methods and means,
5, user interface, users operate the computer interface is called the user interface (or user interface), via the user interface, the user simply has simple operation, can realize the application of complex processing,
3. The categories of mainly exist in the local area network (LAN) network operating system:
1. The Windows class
Used a computer knows that this is the world's largest software developers, Microsoft (Microsoft) of the company's development, Microsoft's Windows system not only enjoys an absolute advantage in the individual operating system, it is in a network operating system also has the very strong strength, this kind of operating system configuration in the configuration of the LAN is one of the most common, but because of its higher requirements to the Server hardware, and stable performance is not very high, so usually just using the Microsoft network operating system in the medium Server, high-end servers usually use UNIX, LINUX or Solairs the Windows operating system, such as in the local area network, network operating system of Microsoft, mainly include: Serve Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Server/Advance Server, as well as the latest Windows 2003 Server/Advance Server, workstation system can use any Windows or the Windows operating system, including personal operating systems, such as Windows 9 x/ME/XP,
2. The NetWare class
NetWare operation system is inferior to that year, backward in the local area network (LAN), but the NetWare operation system to lower the requirement of network hardware just is 286 machine (workstation) is applicable to, small businesses, schools, in particular, people still forget it's advantage in a diskless workstation, also cannot forget its demand generous, and because it is compatible with the DOS command, its application environment similar to DOS, after long time of development, has the quite rich application software support, technology improvement, and reliable, the commonly used version of the 3.11, 3.12 and 4.10, V4.11, V5.0 in both Chinese and English versions, such as NetWare server support for diskless station and the game better, often used for teaching network and video, the current operating system market share is on the decline,
3. The Unix system
At present commonly used version of UNIX system mainly include: UNIX SUR4.0, HP - UX 11.0, SUN Solaris8.0 etc, support the network file system services, provide data applications, such as powerful, by AT& T and SCO launched, this kind of network operating system stability and security performance is very good, but because of its majority in command mode to operate, it is not easy to grasp, especially primary users, because of this, a small local area network (LAN) basic does not use the Unix as a network operating system, Unix is generally used in large web site or large companies, in the enterprise local area network (LAN), Unix network operating system has a long history, its good function of network management has been accepted for the majority of Internet users, has a lot of application software support, the Unix network operating system version of the game are: AT& T and SCO UNIXSVR3.2 SVR4.0 and SVR4.2, UNIX is for minicomputer host environment development of the operating system, is a kind of centralized time-sharing multiuser system structure, because of its system structure is not reasonable, the UNIX market share is on the decline,
4. Linux
This is a new kind of network operating system, its biggest characteristic is to open source code, can be available for many applications, there is also the Chinese version of Linux, such as REDHAT (red), the red flag Linux, etc., in the domestic users fully affirmation, mainly reflected in terms of its security and stability, it has many similarities with Unix, but at present this kind of operating system is still mainly used in the high-end server,
5. Extension
Windows is a popular thing, easy to learn ecosystem is very large, suitable for common consumers use
Linux system is a professional things, more on the server, this is the result of history problems, after all, open, free, and many large companies preferred, because they have the ability to carry on the depth development, (this is not the general company can do it)
Windows server system is professional, server system, Microsoft to counter the Linux, but helpless general enterprise can't afford to pay that price, and the Linux has a huge contribution to the developers, and has a congenital advantage, it can not catch up with Microsoft would a minute and a half,
Both systems use different, each have advantages,
4. Windows server 2003 manual installation
Set the BIOS to make the computer starts from the CD, put Windows sever 2003 installation CD in the drive for installation operation, specific operation as follows
Cd-rom start automatically after loading the file and then appear the interface for initial installation choice, press enter to enter first installed license agreement please press f8, then press enter partition c interface, enter the size of the partition, and press enter to create, select the partition to Ann system, press enter to enter,
After the selected partition, the system will ask the user to partition which partitions formatted into formats, formatted as NTFS format; For already formatted disk, the software will ask users is to keep the existing partition or to amend the partition to NTFS partition or FAT format, also suggests changes to NTFS format partitions, press enter after selected, system install from the CD copying the file to disk, when the installation after copying files, restart your computer for the first time,
System after the restart, that is, into the window interface, as shown, start to installation, the installation process, due to the system to detect hardware devices, so the screen will be shaking a few times, this is normal,
During the installation process, there are a few steps need user participation, the first is the language system, the configuration of user information, as shown, in general, as long as you use the default Settings, click "next" button to go directly to
Below and enter the user name and name of the entity, as shown, input after click "next" button to continue,
The serial number of the next input software, find the serial number in CD sleeve or instruction, input into the "product key" as shown in figure in the input box, click the "next" to continue,
The second is about the network Settings, as shown, for single user and within the local area network (LAN) client, click "next" button to continue to go directly, but for the server, want to set up this server for many clients use, the need to refer to the instruction of authorization and the actual situation of local area network (LAN), input the client number, after setting, click "next" to continue,
Here is to set up the name of the computer and the machine system administrator password, as shown in figure, the name of the computer can't with other computer local area network (LAN) of the same name, the administrator password security, it is best to Numbers, uppercase and lowercase letters, and combining the special characters, and then click "next" to continue,
Below is the system about the network Settings, as shown, here you can choose "Settings" typical, adjust again after installation ends,
In setting up the working group or a computer domain, as shown, whether single or LAN server, it is best to select the first item, again in detail when the system after the installation Settings,
Set after the completion, the system will be installed the start menu items, to registration of the final set of components, all of these without user participation, all set up and maintain, system to start the second time,
Second is started, the user needs to press key combination "Ctrl + Alt + Del", enter the password login system, as shown,
After entering the system will automatically pop up a "manage your server" window, as shown, there needs to be according to their own needs to carry on the detailed configuration,
Role for the server, click on "add to your server", "add or remove roles" button on the right side of the first is the preparatory steps, here to confirm the installation all adjust the demodulator and card, good connection cable, if want to let the server connected to the Internet, to connect to the Internet, open all the peripheral attune, such as a printer, external drives, etc., and then click the next button to carry on the detailed configuration, as shown, a selected in the "server", then click "next" button to configure it, for the content of the configuration such as file server, print server, IIS server, mail server, domain controllers, DNS server, the DHCP server, etc., but how to configure the server is not the scope of this article, here no longer configuration is introduced in detail,
For the client within the local area network (LAN), was not need to configure the server, but how to add this machine to the network, through the "start menu"/" control panel "/" system "command to open the configuration window, click on the" computer name "TAB, as shown, click" change "button, as shown in figure, input your computer name, then choose your computer is below belongs to the domain or workgroup, then click ok button, when to join the domain, needs to set up an account in the domain controller, and then added to the domain in the process of input account and password,
In local area network, each computer will have its own IP address, set the IP address in Windows 2003 and before the operation of the system are basically the same: right-click the network connection in the control panel, choose "properties" command, as shown, select "Internet protocol (TCP/IP)" and click "properties" button, as shown, select "use the following IP address", then enter the appropriate IP address and subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, click ok button,
Note
Above is for LAN users need to set up, for a single user, do not need to set these network properties, as long as the system is installed, basically installed
This chapter summarizes the
It's no use self think it is good to learn about the Windows server has out to 2019 after all now
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