Such as, the data generated by the application first, and then the so-called transport layer encapsulation, so here is the application package, or kernel, or operating system?
After the packaging to card, and then to cable, wireless,,,,,,, had jumped over in detail more, (detailed guidance to a packet how to produce, how to send, how to accept),
CodePudding user response:
In addition to the physical layer encapsulated by the hardware equipment, the link layer, network layer, transport layer, can be encapsulated by the application, such as the link layer: https://gist.github.com/austinmarton/1922600, due to the lower layer protocol is universal, so are generally the library, the library may adjust the system of the operating system calls, for security reasons, some action must use the system call is completed, the kernel must be involved in,, there is a link layer protocol of wireless,
CodePudding user response:
I just saw the TCP/IP explanation, including section 1.2 will speak to the transport layer, network layer, link layer were handled by the kernel, and only the application layer by the application processing